This study offers a holistic archaeological re-evaluation of Nero's imperial villa at Subiaco, shifting the historical focus from long-standing antiquarian disputes over dam locations to a structural and conceptual analysis of the complex. Nestled in the upper Aniene valley, the site comprises five distinct structural nuclei arranged across the river, integrated with three artificial lakes created by monumental hydraulic dam engineering. By examining the evolution of the Aniene valley from prehistoric, Equian, and Republican occupations to the medieval monastic period initiated by Saint Benedict, this work contextualizes the villa's historical continuity. Beyond technical architectural documentation, the author investigates the ideological underpinnings of the Simbruina Stagna, proposing that the landscape design was deeply influenced by Neronian cultural ideology and Alexandrian-Egyptian models. Ultimately, the volume provides a comprehensive interpretation of the site, establishing the Subiaco villa as an intentional masterpiece of imperial landscape architecture rather than a mere architectural eccentricity.