This volume gathers a curated selection of foundational shorter writings by Aldo Schiavone, charting over six decades of scholarly inquiry into Roman law, ancient history, and historical theory. Rejecting rigid doctrinal legalism, Schiavone investigates the intellectual trajectory of Roman jurists alongside broader political, economic, and social structures. The collected essays explore pivotal themes: the legal crystallization of ius civile, the structural dynamics of a slave-based economy, the concept of natural law versus social convention, and the continuous dialogue between classical juristic thought and modern legal codification. By re-evaluating key historical transitions—from the Late Republic to Late Antiquity—these studies highlight how ancient legal concepts shaped Western political identity and modern legal rationality. Ultimately, this collection demonstrates the enduring relevance of Roman legal science, positioning it not as a static historical artifact, but as a dynamic laboratory for interpreting both historical developments and contemporary societal transformations.