This volume provides a comprehensive archaeological and historical analysis of Roman urbanism across the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on thirty-two provincial cities (coloniae and municipia) within Tarraconensis, Baetica, and Lusitania. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining recent archaeological excavations, updated cartography, planimetric drawings, and sculptural and epigraphic corpora, the contributing authors trace the structural evolution of these urban centers from their indigenous or late Republican origins through the monumentalization of the Early Empire to their transformations in Late Antiquity. Key themes include the spatial organization of forum complexes, public infrastructure such as aqueducts and baths, domestic architecture adapted to local topographies, and the integration of native populations into the Roman administrative, legal, and religious systems. By synthesizing updated scientific data with high-resolution visual documentation, the work establishes a critical benchmark for studying provincial urban landscapes, civic identity, and the long-term historical trajectory of Roman Hispania.