The transformation of North African heritage during the decolonization process forms the central focus of this analysis of post-WWII Libyan archaeology. Spanning the period from the Allied military administration in 1943 to the fall of King Idris's Senussi monarchy in 1969, the work provides a long-term critical analysis of how North African heritage transformed during decolonization. By analyzing official archives, early survey methodologies, and institutional transitions from the Italian Soprintendenza to the Libyan Department of Antiquities, the monograph illustrates how classical, Islamic, and indigenous pasts were reinterpreted. Rather than marking an abrupt break, post-colonial archaeology evolved through a complex mix of continuity, international collaboration, and emerging national identity. Ultimately, the work demonstrates how the political instrumentalization of antiquity shifted from colonial propaganda to a foundational pillar of modern Libyan statehood.