This proceedings volume presents interdisciplinary research on the trade, quarrying, and architectural application of ancient marble and alternative lithotypes throughout the Roman world. Through integrated archaeological surveys and archaeometric analyses—including stable isotope testing, petrography, and 3D digital laser scanning—the authors investigate provenance, trade routes, and stonemason practices across various sites. Key findings demonstrate the widespread distribution of both prestigious imported marbles (such as Pentelic, Parian, Docimium, and Carrara) and local stone resources in public and domestic contexts. Furthermore, structural analysis and 3D virtual reconstructions illuminate ancient design proportions, carving techniques, and assembly methods. By bridging the gap between exact sciences and classical archaeology, this collection provides crucial insights into the economic mechanisms, cultural transmission, and artistic programs that governed stone selection, workshop organization, and monumental decoration in antiquity.