This research offers a comprehensive critical reappraisal of Antonio Muñoz (1884–1960) and his pivotal role in shaping the architectural conservation and urban transformation of Rome during the Governatorato (1926–1944). Countering reductive historiographical views that equate his work entirely with fascist political ideology, the study re-examines Muñoz's dual career as a state and municipal superintendent, art historian, and restorer. Through extensive archival analysis, the monograph investigates his theoretical background, European intellectual network, and methodological criteria across major Roman projects—ranging from medieval church restorations (Santa Sabina, San Giorgio al Velabro) to large-scale ancient isolations (Campidoglio, Imperial Fora, Mausoleum of Augustus). The findings demonstrate that Muñoz navigated complex tensions between dynamic urban modernization, ideological demands, and rigorous historical preservation, ultimately establishing an enduring visual and spatial language that defined modern Rome's historical center.