This volume offers a comprehensive archaeological investigation of the major islands of the western Mediterranean—Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica—during the Roman period. The research examines the complex historical dynamics of provincialization following their annexation triggered by the Punic Wars. The book systematically analyzes settlement patterns, urban organization, public and private architecture, and material culture across the three islands. Particular emphasis is placed on the interaction between indigenous traditions, prior Punic and Hellenistic influences, and the progressive integration into the administrative, economic, and cultural structures of the Roman Empire. Through an updated synthesis of archaeological and epigraphical data, the work highlights both the distinct regional trajectories and the shared Mediterranean-wide networks that defined the evolution of these foundational imperial provinces from the Republic through Late Antiquity