This volume collects the proceedings of the fifth international conference in the series "Alle radici della casa comune europea," held at the Catholic University of Sacred Heart in Milan on June 3–5, 2004. Dedicated to honoring the distinguished scholarship of Fergus Millar, former Camden Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford, the work explores classical historiography and historical culture during the first two centuries of the Roman Empire. Through an interdisciplinary framework, various scholars re-examine key authors, themes, and textual traditions—ranging from Livy, Valerius Maximus, and Seneca to Josephus, Luke, Appian, and Cassius Dio. The contributions highlight how imperial historical reflection shaped the shared cultural memory (paideia) of classical antiquity. Furthermore, the volume demonstrates how these foundational historical concepts continue to inform modern European identity, bridging the study of ancient institutional, social, and literary traditions with contemporary historiographical discourse.